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Smoking

Smoking is the leading preventable cause of premature death in Canada. The effects of smoking on healthy aging are well documented. Aside from its well-known association with lung cancer, heart disease and stroke, cigarette smoking can cause medications to be less effective. Learn more below about the effects of smoking - as well as evidence-based information about how to stop smoking.

Scheduled for surgery? Quit smoking to reduce the risk of complications
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5 tips to help you quit smoking for good
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E-cigarettes for smoking cessation: What do we know?
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  • Evidence Summary

    Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation

    Rating 5 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2016)
  • Evidence Summary

    Behavioural support and pharmacotherapy improve smoking quit rates in adults

    Rating 5 out of 5 stars
    Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)
  • Evidence Summary

    Financial incentives can help motivate people to make lifestyle changes

    Rating 5 out of 5 stars
    Preventive Medicine (2015)
  • Evidence Summary

    Motivational interviewing for smoking cessation

    Rating 5 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2015)
  • Evidence Summary

    Text-messaging interventions help people quit smoking and improve medication use among HIV positive

    Rating 5 out of 5 stars
    PLoS Medicine (2013)
  • Evidence Summary

    Incentives for smoking cessation.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2025)
  • Evidence Summary

    Various behavioural strategies may help healthy people quit smoking

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    American Journal of Preventive Medicine (2023)
  • Evidence Summary

    Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2024)
  • Evidence Summary

    Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta-analyses.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2023)
  • Evidence Summary

    Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2023)
  • Evidence Summary

    Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2024)
  • Evidence Summary

    Combined behavioural and drug treatments can help people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease quit smoking

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    International Journal of Nursing Studies (2022)
  • Evidence Summary

    Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2021)
  • Evidence Summary

    Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2020)
  • Evidence Summary

    Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2021)
  • Evidence Summary

    Antidepressants for smoking cessation.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2020)
  • Evidence Summary

    Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2019)
  • Evidence Summary

    Enhancing partner support to improve smoking cessation.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2018)
  • Evidence Summary

    Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2018)
  • Evidence Summary

    Smoking cessation treatments increase quit rates in older adults

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Drug and Alcohol Dependence (2015)
  • Evidence Summary

    Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2017)
  • Evidence Summary

    Interventions for tobacco use cessation in people in treatment for or recovery from substance use disorders.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2016)
  • Evidence Summary

    Psychosocial interventions for cannabis use disorder

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2016)
  • Evidence Summary

    Mobile phone-based interventions for smoking cessation.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2016)
  • Evidence Summary

    Combined pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions for smoking cessation.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2016)
  • Evidence Summary

    Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2016)
  • Evidence Summary

    Mobile health interventions can improve medication adherence and physical activity in patients with cardiovascular disease

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    European Journal of Preventative Cardiology (2015)
  • Evidence Summary

    Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2012)
  • Evidence Summary

    Motivational interviewing for smoking cessation.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2015)
  • Evidence Summary

    Antidepressants for smoking cessation.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2014)
  • Evidence Summary

    Behavioural treatments to stop smoking before surgery reduce complications after surgery

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2014)
  • Evidence Summary

    Computer delivered interventions have a small effect on knowledge and some health behaviors

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Preventive Medicine (2008)
  • Evidence Summary

    Multiple lifestyle changes in people with established coronary heart disease reduce the risk for cardiovascular events

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    American Journal of Preventive Medicine (2013)
  • Evidence Summary

    Smoking cessation for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

    Rating 3 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2022)
  • Evidence Summary

    Telephone counselling for smoking cessation

    Rating 3 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2019)
  • Evidence Summary

    Internet-based interventions for smoking cessation.

    Rating 3 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2017)
  • Evidence Summary

    Interventions to reduce harm from continued tobacco use.

    Rating 3 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2016)
  • Evidence Summary

    Psychosocial interventions help people with coronary heart disease to quit smoking

    Rating 3 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2015)
  • Evidence Summary

    Incentives for smoking cessation.

    Rating 3 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2015)
  • Blog Post

    Need support quitting smoking? Check your mailbox!

    You don’t need to go “quitting” alone! Support exists for people who smoke, and one way to receive it is through the mail.
  • Blog Post

    Incentives for quitting smoking: Where does the evidence stand?

    Research investigates whether incentive-based programs that aim to help people quit smoking are effective in the long term.
  • Blog Post

    Seeing through the smoke: The impacts of quitting and quitting strategies in 3 populations

    Do you smoke and live with coronary heart disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or are about to undergo surgery? Research shows the benefits of quitting and some effective strategies to help achieve success.
  • Blog Post

    Behavioural strategies for quitting smoking: What works?

    Looking to quit smoking? Research identifies behavioural strategies that may be able to help you achieve your goal.
  • Blog Post

    New year, new me? Strategies to help achieve your New Year’s resolutions!

    Research points to strategies that can help you quit smoking, exercise more, achieve a healthy weight, and improve your sleep.
  • Blog Post

    Smoking while living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Learn about strategies to help you quit!

    Quitting smoking is one beneficial step that people living with COPD can take. Learn what strategies may help you quit.
  • Blog Post

    Living with coronary heart disease? Quitting smoking is key!

    Helping your heart! Research shows that quitting smoking can have cardiovascular benefits for people with coronary heart disease.
  • Blog Post

    E-cigarettes for smoking cessation: What do we know?

    Is it all smoke and mirrors, or are e-cigarettes safe and effective tools for smoking cessation? Research weighs in.
  • Blog Post

    4 Evidence-based benefits of seeking peer support

    Can turning to our peers hold benefits for our health? You’ll be happy to know that research lends support to the use of this strategy.
  • Blog Post

    Kicking smoking to the curb: 3 evidence-based ways to aid you on your journey to becoming smoke-free

    From cancer to heart disease, the hazards of smoking have long-been documented. Emerging evidence appears to suggest that there could also be a dangerous association between smoking and COVID-19. Consider becoming smoke-free for your overall health and well-being. These evidence-based strategies could help increase your chances of success!
  • Blog Post

    Time to quit: What’s the “call” on telephone support for smoking cessation?

    Can telephone counselling help you quit smoking? There is some promise for ongoing counselling that sees a counsellor or other health care provider connect with you for additional support.
  • Blog Post

    Nip smoking in the ‘butt’! Find out which types of nicotine replacement therapy work best

    Ready to quit smoking? Find out which forms of nicotine replacement therapy give you the best shot at 'butting' out for good.
  • Blog Post

    Quitting Time: Does nicotine replacement therapy work?

    Looking to quit smoking and stay smoke-free? Nicotine replacement therapy may be the answer.
  • Blog Post

    Living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? A new class of medications might help you breathe a little easier

    Is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) taking your breath away? Research suggests that people with COPD may benefit from a new class of medications.
  • Blog Post

    Ready to quit smoking? Group therapy boosts your chances of success

    Ready to quit smoking? Looking for help and support? Research supports the benefits of group therapy to kick the habit for good!
  • Blog Post

    5 tips to help you quit smoking for good

    Tried to quit smoking in the past and failed? Try again! These five evidence-based strategies can help you kick the nicotine habit.
  • Blog Post

    Weeding out the truth: Cannabis-based medications for cancer patients

    Cannabinoids are active chemicals found in cannabis (marijuana) that are approved for medical use. Research shows they may be a promising way to ease nausea and vomiting from cancer treatment.
  • Blog Post

    Scheduled for surgery? Quit smoking to reduce the risk of complications

    Quitting smoking at least four weeks before surgery reduces risks and increases the chance of a successful surgery and a faster recovery.
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