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Clinician Article

Comparative Benefits and Harms of Antidepressant, Psychological, Complementary, and Exercise Treatments for Major Depression: An Evidence Report for a Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians.



  • Gartlehner G
  • Gaynes BN
  • Amick HR
  • Asher GN
  • Morgan LC
  • Coker-Schwimmer E, et al.
Ann Intern Med. 2016 Mar 1;164(5):331-41. doi: 10.7326/M15-1813. Epub 2015 Dec 8. (Review)
PMID: 26857743
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Disciplines
  • FM/GP/Mental Health
    Relevance - 6/7
    Newsworthiness - 5/7
  • Internal Medicine
    Relevance - 6/7
    Newsworthiness - 5/7
  • Psychiatry
    Relevance - 6/7
    Newsworthiness - 5/7
  • Family Medicine (FM)/General Practice (GP)
    Relevance - 6/7
    Newsworthiness - 3/7
  • General Internal Medicine-Primary Care(US)
    Relevance - 6/7
    Newsworthiness - 3/7

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Primary care patients and clinicians may prefer options other than second-generation antidepressants for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). The comparative benefits and harms of antidepressants and alternative treatments are unclear.

PURPOSE: To compare the benefits and harms of second-generation antidepressants and psychological, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and exercise treatments as first- and second-step interventions for adults with acute MDD.

DATA SOURCES: English-, German-, and Italian-language studies from multiple electronic databases (January 1990 to September 2015); trial registries and gray-literature databases were used to identify unpublished research.

STUDY SELECTION: Two investigators independently selected comparative randomized trials of at least 6 weeks' duration on health outcomes of adult outpatients; nonrandomized studies were eligible for harms.

DATA EXTRACTION: Reviewers abstracted data on study design, participants, interventions, and outcomes; rated the risk of bias; and graded the strength of evidence. A senior reviewer confirmed data and ratings.

DATA SYNTHESIS: 45 trials met inclusion criteria. On the basis of moderate-strength evidence, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and antidepressants led to similar response rates (relative risk [RR], 0.90 [95% CI, 0.76 to 1.07]) and remission rates (RR, 0.98 [CI, 0.73 to 1.32]). In trials, antidepressants had higher risks for adverse events than most other treatment options; no information from nonrandomized studies was available. The evidence was too limited to make firm conclusions about differences in the benefits and harms of antidepressants compared with other treatment options as first-step therapies for acute MDD. For second-step therapies, different switching and augmentation strategies provided similar symptom relief.

LIMITATION: High dropout rates, dosing inequalities, small sample sizes, and poor assessment of adverse events limit confidence in the evidence.

CONCLUSION: Given their similar efficacy, CBT and antidepressants are both viable choices for initial treatment of MDD.

PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.


Clinical Comments

FM/GP/Mental Health

Excellent meta-analysis, showing the strength of CBT as a valid modality, comparable to SGA in effectiveness.

FM/GP/Mental Health

The evidence supporting the similar efficacy of CBT is quite known, but the effect of exercise is always worth reviewing.

General Internal Medicine-Primary Care(US)

There are just too many limitatins in this study to make it worthwhile.

Psychiatry

A nice meta-analysis of treatments for major depression by primary care clinicians. The authors point out multiple limitations of their studies, but for what it’s worth, once again cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) looks as good as antidepressants, and does not cause side effects. A problem with CBT is that it is expensive, time consuming, and not always available.

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